9eddem قدّم
Moroccan Darija · verb
“9eddem” (قدّم) is a verb in Moroccan Darija meaning present, offer.
Meanings
- present, offer
- move forward, advance
- turn oneself in
Usage
9eddem means "to present": 9eddem lina rasek, "introduce yourself". It also means "to offer" or "to serve": 9eddem atay l dyaf, "serve tea to the guests". It can also mean "to submit", as in 9eddem talab, "submit an application". In the concrete sense, it means "to move forward" or "to move something forward": 9eddem tomobil chwiya. The pitfall: 9eddem rasu l bulis means "to turn oneself in to the police", not "to introduce oneself" in the social sense. The reflexive form t9eddem means "to progress" or "to step forward".
Example
قدم لينا راسك
9dem lina rask
“Introduce yourself to us.”
Conjugation
Forms as recorded in DODa and reproduced in its spelling, which often leaves out short vowels.
| Imperfective (present) | Perfective (past) | Imperative | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ana (I) | kan9ddm | 9ddmt | |
| nta (you, m.) | kat9ddm | 9ddmti | 9ddm |
| nti (you, f.) | kat9ddmi | 9ddmti | 9ddmi |
| howa (he) | kay9ddm | 9ddm | |
| hiya (she) | kat9ddm | 9ddmat | |
| 7na (we) | kan9ddmo | 9ddmna | |
| ntouma (you, pl.) | kat9ddmo | 9ddmto | 9ddmo |
| homa (they) | kay9ddmo | 9ddmo |
How to write it in Latin letters
In Arabizi, Darija written in Latin letters, you will find “9eddem” but also “9ddem”, “9ddm”, “9dem” and “qeddem”. No spelling is official: people write the sounds as they hear them.
Digits stand in for Arabic letters that have no Latin equivalent: 9 is qaf (ق), a k pronounced at the back of the throat.
Type “9eddem” on the Arabic keyboard
In Algerian Darja
Spelt the same way in Arabic, the word also exists in Algerian Darja, where it means “to present (a show, someone)”; “to move forward, to advance”: qeddem in Algerian.